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Openstack cookbook list of useful commands with examples

I have decided to summarize in one page all useful Openstack commands. This post will be useful to anyone interested in learning Openstack cloud commands or use it as a daily reference.

Openstack commands:Old equivalents:
General commands:
openstack image list
openstack flavor list
openstack network list
openstack server list		glance image-list
nova flavor-list
neutron net-list
nova list
Server commands:
openstack server show [SERVER]
openstack server stop [SERVER]
openstack server start [SERVER]
openstack server delete [SERVER]
openstack server image create [IMAGE]		nova show [SERVER]
nova stop [SERVER]
nova start [SERVER]
nova delete [SERVER]
nova image-create [IMAGE]
Server console commands:
openstack console log show
openstack console url show		nova console-log
nova get-vnc-console
SSH Keypairs*:
openstack keypair create [KEYPAIR] > key.pem

openstack keypair show[KEYPAIR] --public-key > key.pub

openstack keypair show --public-key [KEYPAIR]		nova keypair-add [KEYPAIR] > key.pem

nova keypair-show [KEYPAIR] | grep Public | awk -F': ' '{print $2}' > ./.ssh/key.pub

nova keypair-show [KEYPAIR]
Metadata**:
Key-value pairs:
openstack server create --property [KEY]=[VALUE]
Script (any language):
openstack server create --user-data [SCRIPT]
Cloud-config file (yaml)
openstack server create --user-data [FILE]
File injection
openstack server create --file [DEST_FILE]=[SRC_FILE]
nova boot --meta [KEY]=[VALUE]


nova boot --user-data [SCRIPT]


nova boot --user-data [FILE]

nova boot --file [DEST_FILE]=[SRC_FILE]
* Don’t forget to chmod 600 key.pem in order to protect it and make it usable by SSH command
** There can only be 1 user-data option, but many property and file options .
Metadata is retrieved by process cloud-int in cloud images .
Server requests with curl http://169.254.169.254 –> Metadata service (nova) which replies with
data in JSON format <– (Restful API).
Openstack network related commands:
Security group:
openstack security group create [SEC_GROUP]
openstack security group rule create --dst-port 12345 [SEC_GROUP]*
openstack server add security group [SERVER] [SEC_GROUP]
openstack security group rule list [SEC_GROUP] --long
Network:
openstack network list
openstack network show [NETWORK]
openstack network create [NETWORK]
openstack network delete [NETWORK]
Subnet:
openstack subnet list
openstack subnet show [SUBNET]
openstack subnet create --network --subnet-range [CIDR] [SUBNET]
openstack subnet delete [SUBNET]
Port:
openstack port list
openstack port show [PORT]
openstack port create --network [NETWORK] [PORT]**
openstack port delete [PORT]
Floating IP:
openstack floating ip list
openstack floating ip create [EXT_NET]***
openstack server add floating ip [SERVER] [IP_ADDRESS]
openstack server remove floating ip [SERVER] [IP_ADDRESS]
openstack floating ip delete [IP_ADDRESS]
openstack floating ip set [IP_ADDRESS]***
Router:
openstack router create [ROUTER]
openstack router show [ROUTER]
openstack router delete [ROUTER]
openstack router list
set [ROUTER] gateway:
neutron router-gateway-set [ROUTER] public
clear [ROUTER] gateway:
neutron router-gateway-clear [ROUTER]
add private subnet to [ROUTER]:
openstack router add subnet [ROUTER] private_subnet
remove private subnet to [ROUTER]:
openstack router remove subnet [ROUTER] private_subnet
list [ROUTER] interfaces:
openstack port list --router [ROUTER]
* You can add additional parameters here like –egress for outgoing traffic or –protocol [UDP|ICMP]
** You can associate floating ip with specific port by adding –port PORT
*** You could also add –fixed-ip [subnet=SUBNET|ip-address=IP_ADDRESS]
Metadata related commands
Server*:
retrieve metadata info:
curl http://169.254.169.254/
retrieve latest metadata:
curl http://169.254.169/254/latest
meta-data/$:
curl http://169.254.169/254/latest/meta-data
retrieve floating ip:
curl http://169.254.169/254/latest/meta-data/public-ipv4
retrieve openstack metadata:
curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack
retrieve latest metadata:
curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/metadata
retrieve meta_data.json:
curl http://169.254.169.254/openstack/meta_data.json
* Curl commands are to be ran from running server
Openstack commands:Old commands:
Server creation*:
openstack server create \
--image [IMAGE] \
--flavor [FLAVOR] \
--nic [net-id=NETWORK_UUID|port-id=PORT_UUID] \
--key-name [KEYPAIR] \
[SERVER]		nova boot --image [IMAGE] \
--flavor [FLAVOR] \
--nic [net-id=NETWORK_UUID|port-id=PORT_UUID] \
--key-name [KEYPAIR] \
[SERVER]
* You could use –nic net-id=NETWORK_UUID,v4-fixed-ip=IP_ADDRESS to specify fixed IP for SERVER
Few examples:
Create cirros-image:
openstack image create --public --container-format=bare --disk-format=qcow2 --file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img cirros-image
Create network:
neutron net-create external_network --provider:network_type flat --provider:physical_network extnet --router:external
Create subnet:
neutron subnet-create --name public_subnet --enable_dhcp=False --allocation-pool=start=172.30.152.10,end=172.30.152.40 --gateway=172.30.152.1 external_network 172.30.152.0/24
Create server:
openstack server create --image 9d904b2f-8774-4db8-b195-8aa47e3ebe3c --flavor 1 --nic net-id=4d75d36b-cc99-46b3-83aa-6ae5a96ae38e cirros
Cloud config* examples:
Configure time zone:
#cloud-config
timezone: "Europe/Sarajevo"
Install packages, specific versions**
#cloud-config
packages:
- pwgen
- pastebinit
- [libpython2.7, 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.1]
Upgrade all packages**:
#cloud-config
package_upgrade: true
Install NTP if neccessary and configure NTP server map
#cloud-config
ntp:
servers:
- my.ntp.server
- ntp.ubuntu.com
- 192.168.23.2
Configure CentOS users centos and root with password
#cloud-config
chpasswd:
list: |
root:changeme
centos:changeme
expire: False
ssh_pwauth: True
* Yaml format text files that begin with #cloud-config and are executed by cloud-init process present in most cloud image files, but not in cirros.
** Works with all package managers if specific distro-package is not specified f.e. 2.7.3-0ubuntu3.1

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Create swap file on Raspberry Pi Zero W

First check if you have swap configured:

swapon --show

IF empty you can create for example 256MB swap file with following commands:

fallocate -l 256M /var/swap
chmod 600 /var/swap
mkswap /var/swap
swapon /var/swap

You can again check if swap is properly configured:

#swapon --show
NAME      TYPE SIZE USED PRIO
/var/swap file 256M   0B   -2

#free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            480         109         140           9         229         312
Swap:           255           0         255
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How to make Raspberry Pi work with 1024×600 resolution

Please edit your /boot/config.txt file with following contents:

# uncomment to force a console size. By default it will be display's size minus
# overscan.
framebuffer_width=1024
framebuffer_height=600

hdmi_force_hotplug=1
#hdmi_ignore_edid=0xa5000080
hdmi_cvt=1024 600 60 3 0 0 0

# uncomment to force a specific HDMI mode (this will force VGA)
hdmi_group=2
hdmi_mode=87